Then have a solicitude for her as Christ had for the Church ( Ephesians 5:23 , "Himself the Saviour of the body"); and "if it be necessary to give thy life for her, or to be cut in ten thousand pieces, or to endure any other suffering whatever, do not refuse it; and if you suffer thus, not even so do you do what Christ has done; for you indeed do so being already united to her, but He did so for one that treated Him with aversion and hatred. 26. sanctify--that is, consecrate her to God. 18. excess--worthless, ruinous, reckless prodigality. Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands as you do to the Lord. Genesis 2:21 Genesis 2:23 Genesis 2:24 puts the bones first because the reference there is to the natural structure. 11. unfruitful works of darkness--Sins are terminated in themselves, and therefore are called "works," not "fruits" ( Galatians 5:19 Galatians 5:22 ). Sing and make music from your heart to the Lord, always giving thanks to God the Father for everything, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. The letter was probably not written specifically to the church in Ephesus—some early manuscripts lack a name in 1:1; in 1:15 Paul speaks about only having heard about their faith, and there are no personal words whatsoever. All people are by nature spiritually dead. Forgive as the Lord forgave you. foolish talking--the talk of fools, which is folly and sin together. Ephesians 5:21: “Submit to one another out of reverence for Christ.” Ephesians 6:10-11: "Finally, be strong in the Lord and in his mighty power. The two are so closely allied that the Greek for "covetousness" (pleonexia) is used sometimes in Scripture, and often in the Greek Fathers, for sins of impurity. Ephesians 5:16, NASB: "making the most of your time, because the days are evil." As, therefore, He brought to His feet one that so treated Him, and that even wantonly spurned Him, by much tenderness of regard, not by threats, insults, and terror: so also do you act towards your wife, and though you see her disdainful and wantonly wayward, you will be able to bring her to your feet by much thoughtfulness for her, by love, by kindness. Ephesians 4:11-12 “So Christ himself gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the pastors and teachers, to equip his people for works of service, so that the body of Christ may be built up.” Ephesians 5:21-25 “Submit to one another out of reverence for Christ. A few weeks ago, I started a Wednesday night series on the book of Ephesians. The words are a paraphrase of Isaiah 60:1 Isaiah 60:2 , not an exact quotation. Now all English translations try to help the reader out of the morass by breaking this into smaller sentences; however, in so doing the modern reader can miss a lot. The book of Ephesians is a Prison Epistle (letter written while in prison). In Colossians 3:8 , "filthy communication" refers to the foulness; "foolish talking," to the folly; "jesting," to the false refinement (and trifling witticism [TITTMANN]) Of discourse unseasoned with the salt of grace [TRENCH]. As the bride passed through a purifying bath before marriage, so the Church (compare Revelation 21:2 ). 14 And over all these virtues put on love, which binds them all together in perfect unity. We get ahead on the strength of our own ingenuities. Exodus 21:10 prescribes three duties to the husband. offering and a sacrifice--"Offering" expresses generally His presenting Himself to the Father, as the Representative undertaking the cause of the whole of our lost race ( Psalms 40:6-8 ), including His life of obedience; though not excluding His offering of His body for us ( Hebrews 10:10 ). Patronage refers to the mutual relationship that existed between unequals, in which each was understood to benefit the other. We would do well here to go back and reread chapter 5 in light of this reality. 6.65; Adv. Salem Media Group. Thus the familia (a Latin term for which we have no exact equivalent), which consisted both of blood relatives and all those attached to the household, both slave and freedperson, automatically became the nucleus/locus of the earliest Christian communities. wherein--not in the wine itself when used aright ( 1 Timothy 5:23 ), but in the "excess" as to it. give thee light--rather, as Greek, "shall shine upon thee" (so enabling thee by being "made manifest" to become, and be, by the very fact, "light," Ephesians 5:13 ; then being so "enlightened," Ephesians 1:18 , thou shalt be able, by "reproving," to enlighten others). "We are sons of men, when we do ill; sons of God, when we do well" [AUGUSTINE, on Psalm 52]; (compare Matthew 5:44 Matthew 5:45 Matthew 5:48 ). Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord. We cant content ourselves comparing us among men. So husbands ought to love their own wives as their own bodies; he who loves his wife loves himself. the (nearly unheard of) right for women to vote. 14. cometh--present, not merely "shall come." Follow God's example,a therefore, as dearly loved children and walk in the way of love, So we shall begin with the household itself, which assumes this kind of dwelling and which usually had a large number of people attached to it. This is almost certainly because the former (worship) took place primarily in the latter (the household). God the Father planned throughout history for Jesus to create a multi-ethnic community of followers. In June we celebrated our forty-fifth anniversary, and I would say that we have never had such a decision-making stalemate in all these years. Ephesians 5:22-33 is the focus of this blog post, but I look at Paul’s instructions to wives/husbands, children/parents and slaves/masters here. 32. hymns--in direct praise to God (compare Acts 16:25 , 1 Corinthians 14:26 , 5:13 ). . Notice that three relationships are assumed: But notice also that in each case the second party in the relationship is usually the same person: husband = father = master. 3:1, 4:1).Paul is sending the slave Onesimus back to his master Philemon, in the care of Tychicus. Indeed, in light of this text, the structures are ultimately irrelevant, except that some structure must be in place or the household will fall apart. Marc. The two oldest existing manuscripts, and Coptic or Memphitic version, omit "of His flesh and of His bones"; the words may have crept into the text through the Margin from Genesis 2:23 , Septuagint. Please enter your email address associated with your Salem All-Pass account, then click Continue. as Christ . idolater--( Colossians 3:5 ). of Christ and of God--rather, as one Greek article is applied to both, "of Christ and God," implying their perfect oneness, which is consistent only with the doctrine that Christ is God (compare 2 Thessalonians 1:12 , 1 Timothy 5:21 , 6:13 ). 28 In this same way, husbands ought to love their wives as their own bodies. 30. It was, therefore, again in sharp contrast to our culture, not thought of as a private haven (a refuge to return to after a day “out there”); rather, the Greco-Roman house-hold was almost always semi-public (especially the atrium). After all, look at the British manor house, with its “enlightened” autocrat, which has taken such a beating in a whole series of movies in the past decade. Such a one expresses his joy, not in drunken or worldly songs, but in Christian hymns of thankfulness. The best reading may be translated, That is to say, literally, which is (in other words) an idolater. Key Themes. Rather, "This mystery is a great one." I don’t know whether I hear Paul laughing or crying when that utterly modern reading is superimposed on this text—as though that were actually somehow derivable from the passage itself. “These are important advances,” said Jacqueline Pitanguy, a sociologist and women’s rights advocate. once named--Greek, "Let it not be even named" ( Ephesians 5:4 Ephesians 5:12 ). But the more radical change is for the male householder, whose model is Christ and his love for the church. 25 Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her 26 to make her holy, cleansing her by the washing with water through the word, 27 and to present her to himself as a radiant church, without stain or wrinkle or any other blemish, but holy and blameless. Ephesus was the most important city in western Asia Minor (now Turkey). 16. Furthermore, I think the letter has to be kept in its historical context as a companion letter with Colossians and Philemon. and thus submitting ourselves to one another. This means that in this epistle the teachings and thoughts of the Apostle Paul reach their loftiest form. Apostle Paul, Bible, Bible Study, Christianity, Ephesians, New Testament, Religion. Slavery was not based on race, but initially on conquest in war, and eventually on economic need. 5.2.36; Stom. And yet at the same time, He allots time to us to use responsibly to bring about His sovereign will. The Spirit gives true eloquence; wine, a spurious eloquence. In the same manner, Paul may have had in mind the drunken activities of the Dionysian cult as he penned Ephesians 5:18. The gospel had continued to advance in Asia, Macedonia, and Greece. Christ--"the true light," "the Sun of righteousness." He speaks of baptism according to its high ideal and design, as if the inward grace accompanied the outward rite; hence he asserts of outward baptism whatever is involved in a believing appropriation of the divine truths it symbolizes, and says that Christ, by baptism, has purified the Church [NEANDER] ( 1 Peter 3:21 ). 1. therefore--seeing that "God in Christ forgave you" ( Ephesians 4:32 ). Wherefore--seeing that ye need to walk so circumspectly, choosing and using the right opportunity of good. Rather, “savior” is the most common designation for the emperor. It had a harbor that at that time opened into the Cayster River (see map, p. 2429), which in turn emptied into the Aegean Sea (see map, p. 2599). And the most radical thing of all was that such people—Jew and Gentile, slave and free, men and women—shared a common meal together, itself a cause for cultural shame, and thus celebrated their Lord’s death until he was to come again—which, as 1 Corinthians 11:17-34 makes clear, created considerable tension for the traditional householder. to yourselves--"to one another." And be thankful. Thus reverential fear of displeasing Him is the motive for discharging our relative duties as Christians ( 1 Corinthians 10:22 , 2 Corinthians 5:11 , 1 Peter 2:13 ). Haer. . 1. THE IMITATION OF GOD (Ephesians 5:1-8)5:1-8 You must become imitators of God, as well loved children imitate their father. This profound truth, beyond man's power of discovering, but now revealed, namely, of the spiritual union of Christ and the Church, represented by the marriage union, is a great one, of deep import. This verse is parenthetic. A final, significant observation about the passage as a whole. And because there was already a semi-public aspect to the “home,” it also then became a place where many from outside the household would come and join in the worship—thereby creating a new kind of kinship, where Christ was now the new paterfamilia. unwise--a different Greek word from that in Ephesians 5:15 . songs--the general term for lyric pieces; "spiritual" is added to mark their being here restricted to sacred subjects, though not merely to direct praises of God, but also containing exhortations, prophecies, &c. Contrast the drunken "songs," Amos 8:10 . Indeed, in our context I almost always have a strong sense of need here to apologize to the singles—which in itself is evidence of how different from them we really are culturally. Specific instructions for Christian living - Ephesians 4:1-6:10. Let me provide a little background … The key personalities of Ephesians are the Apostle Paul and Tychicus. But what interests us here is how these cultural realities played out in the Greco-Roman household. For--Supply, and we all love ourselves: "For no man," &c. his own flesh--( Ephesians 5:31 , end). The relation of the Church to Christ is the ground of Christianity's having raised woman to her due place in the social scale, from which she was, and is, excluded in heathen lands. followers--Greek, "imitators" of God, in respect to "love" ( Ephesians 5:2 ): God's essential character ( 1 John 4:16 ). Your consistent lives and faithful reproofs will be your "armor of light" ( Romans 13:12 ) in making an inroad on the kingdom of darkness. "Nourisheth," refers to food and internal sustenance; "cherisheth," to clothing and external fostering. in the fear of God--All the oldest manuscripts and authorities read, "in the fear of CHRIST." 5. This word culture is sometimes used in a way that suggests that there is an “oughtness” to culture. Therefore, these letters could also be called the “House Arrest Epistles”. Audience – Paul wrote to the network of house churches in Western Asia Minor, in and near Ephesus. When the Bridegroom comes, the bride shall be presented to Him wholly without spot, the evil being cut off from the body for ever ( Matthew 13:47-50 ). This constitutes true "wisdom" ( Ephesians 5:15 ). . John 12:24 , John 19:34 John 19:35 , to which Ephesians 5:25-27 allude, as implying atonement by His blood, and sanctification by the "water," answering to that which flowed from His side (compare also John 7:38 John 7:39 , 1 Corinthians 6:11 ). All three letters were sent with Tychicus and Onesimus. the Lord--The oldest manuscripts read, "Christ." 2. If we do that, the matter of structures will pale into insignificance. Translate, "foolish," or "senseless." This was about the same time he wrote Ephesiansand Philemon. TITTMANN, "Watch the time, and make it your own so as to control it; as merchants look out for opportunities, and accurately choose out the best goods; serve not the time, but command it, and it shall do what you approve." 22 Wives, submit to your husbands as to the Lord. After an examination of the support for this suggestion, the significance of the Dionysian cult to Paul’s commands in Ephesians 5:18 will be discussed. It was written to encourage believers to walk as fruitful followers of Christ and to serve in unity and love in the midst of persecution. This letter was written at least ten years after 1 Thessalonians. Ephesians 5:16, ESV: "making the best use of the time, because the days are evil." ( Ephesians 6:9 .) Wherefore--referring to the whole foregoing argument ( Ephesians 5:8 Ephesians 5:11 Ephesians 5:13 ). This is clearly the kind of household presupposed by Paul in this passage. Article Images Copyright © 2021 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. Some assumptions about Ephesians itself and the role of this passage in this letter. Redemption has been accomplished - Ephesians 2:1-3:13. Written in 62 A.D. Apostle Paul explains the identity of the newcomers in Christ both Jews and Gentiles having been brought together into one body with Jesus Christ at the head. Christ, not the Father ( John 5:22 ), is to be our judge. children--rather, "sons of disobedience" ( Ephesians 2:2 Ephesians 2:3 ). It is a well-known and widely practiced axiom that any writing must be interpreted in the … By law, the man, the paterfamilia, was the master of his household (thus the patron). "Cleansing" is the necessary preliminary to both. In the Greek world, a woman scarcely ever joined her husband and his friends at meals; if she did, she did not recline at table (only the courtesans did that), but she sat on a bench at the end. . The Lord's will, ultimately, is our "sanctification" ( 1 Thessalonians 4:3 ); and that "in every thing," meantime, we should "give thanks" ( 1 Thessalonians 5:18 ; compare above, Ephesians 5:10 ). The basic sociological model here is clearly that of patronage; it was a mutual relationship between unequals in which each benefited the other. Ephesians Historical Background for Passage Originally named Ephesians. walk in love--resuming Ephesians 4:1 , "walk worthy of the vocation." 6. vain--empty, unreal words, namely, palliations of "uncleanness," Ephesians 5:3 Ephesians 5:4 , Isaiah 5:20 (that it is natural to indulge in love), "covetousness" (that it is useful to society that men should pursue gain), and "jesting" (that it is witty and clever, and that God will not so severely punish for such things). Holiness is glory internal; glory is holiness shining forth outwardly. This in itself suggests that the crucial matter for Paul is with what Christ has done to the first relationship. They disobey God’s law and are ruled by Satan (1:7; 2:1–3, 5, 11–12). [ a] ( L) 6 Let no one deceive you. He also sent along the letter to the Colossian church. Believers are called on to "awake" out of sleep; unbelievers, to "arise" from the dead (compare Matthew 25:5 , Romans 13:11 , 1 Thessalonians 5:6 , with Ephesians 2:1 ). The apostle Paul wrote this letter to Christians living in the small city of Colossae. Christ is here, in reference to Psalms 40:6 (quoted again in Hebrews 10:5 ), represented as the antitype of all the offerings of the law, whether the unbloody or bloody, eucharistical or propitiatory. When we study and speak about this passage, phrases are usually dissected and closely examined, and certain words and phrases are highlighted, especially those that relate to the wife’s obligation. to the Lord--See PLINY'S letter quoted above: "To Christ as God.". Comprised of Jews and non-Jews, these followers form the covenant family God promised to Abraham. This is Paul's way of saying, "I know I … Here is the more typical domus, in which the privileged few—people like Philemon of Colossae or Stephanas and Gaius of Corinth—lived. The common principle is the longing to fill one's desire with material objects of sense, outside of God. 5.11.17. 2-17), but also especially for everything that follows. ( Colossians 3:16 ). Far more people lived this way than in the household assumed by Paul in this passage. What the slaveholders didn't bother to quote was the rest of the passage, which goes on to say, "masters, do the same things to them" (6:9). In a narrower sense, special favorable seasons for good, occasionally presenting themselves, are referred to, of which believers ought diligently to avail themselves. What he did do was in some ways far more radical: he applied the gospel to this context. loved us--From the love of the Father he passes to the love of the Son, in whom God most endearingly manifests His love to us. Ephesians 5:21-33 is a passage that is often considered crucial in understanding the obligations of husbands and wives in Christian marriages. The point, of course, is that the so-called house rules that occur only in Colossians and Ephesians almost certainly spring from the circumstances that brought Onesimus back to Philemon’s household and thus back to his house church. Used by permission of Westminster John Knox Press. xxix-xxxi. Sonship infers an absolute necessity of imitation, it being vain to assume the title of son without any similitude of the Father [PEARSON]. Adam's deep sleep, wherein Eve was formed from out of his opened side, is an emblem of Christ's death, which was the birth of the Spouse, the Church. Nevertheless--not to pursue further the mystical meaning of marriage. Hence arose the abstinence from wine of many of the prophets, for example, John the Baptist, namely, in order to keep distinct before the world the ecstasy caused by the Spirit, from that caused by wine. The husband is not saviour of the wife, in which particular Christ excels; hence, "But" ( Ephesians 5:24 ) follows [BENGEL]. (Eph 5:28-29) The application of the principles to the duty of a Christian husband. Finally, we return to the matter of religion. Date – The letter to the Ephesians was written during Paul’s Roman imprisonment between 60 and 62 AD. That is, all the words in 5:22-6:9 presuppose a household of believers who are continually being filled with the Spirit of God. gave himself--Greek, "gave Himself up." Notice, first, that in terms of words used, Paul’s obvious greater concern in the first relationship is with the husband/householder. Ephesus was a large prosperous city in Asia Minor. The Greek of it, and of "filthiness," occurs nowhere else in the New Testament. Evidence for this can be seen in meals, which in all cultures serve as the great equalizer. What the slaveholders didn't bother to quote was the rest of the passage, which goes on to say, "masters, do the same things to them" (6:9). The laver of baptism is the vehicle, but the word is the nobler and true instrument of the cleansing [BENGEL]. He is the archetype of the Church, from whom and according to whom, as the pattern, she is formed. Thus wives and slaves, respectively, are to continue to submit and obey but now to do so as those who are thereby serving the Lord. The two former (food and raiment) are here alluded to in a spiritual sense, by "nourisheth and cherisheth"; the third "duty of marriage" is not added in consonance with the holy propriety of Scripture language: its antitype is, "know the Lord" ( Hosea 2:19 Hosea 2:20 ) [BENGEL]. Support for the Dionysian Background But the Enlightenment alone did not create the structural changes in our understanding of home and family. nor--rather, "or" (compare Ephesians 5:3 ). Philemon, provide your slaves [including Onesimus] with what is right and fair, because you know that you also have a Master in heaven.”. Besides, there are many special evil days (in persecution, sickness, &c.). for all things--even for adversities; also for blessings, unknown as well as known ( Colossians 3:17 , 1 Thessalonians 5:18 ). "Redeem" implies the preciousness of the opportune season, a jewel to be bought at any price. 21 Submit to one another out of reverence for Christ. “Is it with a sense of self-satisfaction, with a feeling of triumphalism or in a spirit of gratitude and humility accepting the letter as a challenge to live up to the calling we have been given?” (Nils A. Dahl, Interpreting Ephesians: Then and Now ” Currents in Theology and Mission 5 [June 1978]: 143). It may have been either the letter to Laodicea that ended up in Ephesus, or—more likely, in my opinion—this was a circular letter to the many churches in the province of Asia that sprang out of what he had to say to the Colossians. Your hearts, since as members of his household ( thus the patron ) contrary to what was honorable shameful. 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